Cheaters have been using a wide range of tools and devices to steal money from slot machines and slot games. These devices are made to manipulate specific aspects of a slot such as its RNG algorithm. In this article, we look at the cheating devices used in a casino and if they can still be used today.
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Before talking about cheaters' devices, it pays to understand which parts of a slot machine these tools target. Let us start with vintage slot machines, which use mechanical reels to create the game's results. One of the classic methods in cheating is to control the reels until the winning combination stops within the payline.
Another method in hacking vintage slot machines and modern ones is its mechanism in taking coins or money. For older machines, cheaters find ways to give themselves free spins by triggering the coin slot mechanism without paying anything.
As new machines only accept bills while removing machines that only take coins, criminals find other ways to exploit these machines. Cheaters can use a sticker onto a bill to get a massive number of spins for a very cheap price.
To explain this device, we need to talk about Dennis Nikrasch. He was a popular hacker who found an opportunity in cracking the slot's source code by buying a used slot machine. Dennis disassembled the machine and found the chip that generates a game's result.
Cooked up by Tommy Glenn Carmichael, a notorious hacker who has been rigging slot machines for nearly 40 years, the light wand targets the coin payout mechanism of a slot machine. With its shape and bulb, Carmichael uses the wand to cover the optical sensor within the coin slot.
To pull off this cheating method, Carmichael only needs a small win to make the machine release its coin. Slot machines usually have a sensor to detect how much it dispenses, making sure the player gets the right amount of money. By using the light wand, Carmichael can prevent the machine to know how much it was dispensing its coins. This method allows Tommy to empty a machine with just a small win.
With a PRNG cracker app installed on a phone, cheaters can determine which point in time a slot will use a seed that has a high-paying result. Their phone will notify them when to spin the reels through vibration. Criminals can easily get an unfair advantage with this method since they do not need to install a modified chip or do anything suspicious to the slot machine.
This method does not require a player to crack open a slot machine and a criminal can use any strong magnets they have available. What makes this an unpopular cheating device is the act of holding a magnet onto the slot, which can make anyone grab unwanted attention from security.
As a means to launder money, criminals will use counterfeit coins to play in slot machines and have the winnings become legitimate cash. Louis "The Coin" Colavecchio is one of the infamous criminals who used this device to steal from casinos.
Every device or tool used to manipulate mechanical reels no longer work with all slot machines in major casinos since every game is digital. There are no physical points in modern slot machines that allow a cheater to control the results or get free spins.
Slot machines around the 90s have converted their coin slot to bill acceptors. These machines also changed their way of paying patrons with coins by printing out their winnings in paper tickets. Through this conversion, cheating devices such as counterfeit coins or light wands are rendered obsolete.
Out of all the changes, the upgrade to casino surveillance and security measures made it difficult for criminals to use any cheating devices. Staff is on the lookout for any suspicious behavior among its patrons, including unusual handling of the slot machines. As part of their surveillance network, an AI program is monitoring all casino activities to prevent criminal behaviors and catch any cheaters.
Over the years, casinos found ways to prevent these cheating devices from being used on their slot machines such as phasing out mechanical slots. Upgrading their surveillance and security monitoring system also allowed casinos to discourage criminals from using new tools on their slots.
While Nazi Germany introduced a series of improvements to the Enigma over the years, and these hampered decryption efforts, they did not prevent Poland from cracking the machine as early as December 1932 and reading messages prior to and into the war. Poland's sharing of her achievements enabled the western Allies to exploit Enigma-enciphered messages as a major source of intelligence.[2] Many commentators say the flow of Ultra communications intelligence from the decrypting of Enigma, Lorenz, and other ciphers shortened the war substantially and may even have altered its outcome.[3]
Around December 1932 Marian Rejewski, a Polish mathematician and cryptologist at the Polish Cipher Bureau, used the theory of permutations,[8] and flaws in the German military-message encipherment procedures, to break message keys of the plugboard Enigma machine.[9] France's spy Hans-Thilo Schmidt obtained access to German cipher materials that included the daily keys used in September and October 1932. Those keys included the plugboard settings. The French passed the material to the Poles, and Rejewski used some of that material and the message traffic in September and October to solve for the unknown rotor wiring. Consequently the Polish mathematicians were able to build their own Enigma machines, dubbed "Enigma doubles". Rejewski was aided by fellow mathematician-cryptologists Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski, both of whom had been recruited with Rejewski from Poznań University, which had been selected for its students' knowledge of the German language, since that area was held by Germany prior to World War I. The Polish Cipher Bureau developed techniques to defeat the plugboard and find all components of the daily key, which enabled the Cipher Bureau to read German Enigma messages starting from January 1933.
Like other rotor machines, the Enigma machine is a combination of mechanical and electrical subsystems. The mechanical subsystem consists of a keyboard; a set of rotating disks called rotors arranged adjacently along a spindle; one of various stepping components to turn at least one rotor with each key press, and a series of lamps, one for each letter. These design features are the reason that the Enigma machine was originally referred to as the rotor-based cipher machine during its intellectual inception in 1915.[5]
With the exception of models A and B, the last rotor came before a 'reflector' (German: Umkehrwalze, meaning 'reversal rotor'), a patented feature[21] unique to Enigma among the period's various rotor machines. The reflector connected outputs of the last rotor in pairs, redirecting current back through the rotors by a different route. The reflector ensured that Enigma would be self-reciprocal; thus, with two identically configured machines, a message could be encrypted on one and decrypted on the other, without the need for a bulky mechanism to switch between encryption and decryption modes. The reflector allowed a more compact design, but it also gave Enigma the property that no letter ever encrypted to itself. This was a severe cryptological flaw that was subsequently exploited by codebreakers.
The plugboard (Steckerbrett in German) permitted variable wiring that could be reconfigured by the operator (visible on the front panel of Figure 1; some of the patch cords can be seen in the lid). It was introduced on German Army versions in 1928,[24] and was soon adopted by the Reichsmarine (German Navy). The plugboard contributed more cryptographic strength than an extra rotor, as it had 150 trillion possible settings (see below).[25] Enigma without a plugboard (known as unsteckered Enigma) could be solved relatively straightforwardly using hand methods; these techniques were generally defeated by the plugboard, driving Allied cryptanalysts to develop special machines to solve it.
Another accessory was the remote lamp panel Fernlesegerät. For machines equipped with the extra panel, the wooden case of the Enigma was wider and could store the extra panel. A lamp panel version could be connected afterwards, but that required, as with the Schreibmax, that the lamp panel and light bulbs be removed.[17] The remote panel made it possible for a person to read the decrypted plaintext without the operator seeing it.
The Enigma family included multiple designs. The earliest were commercial models dating from the early 1920s. Starting in the mid-1920s, the German military began to use Enigma, making a number of security-related changes. Various nations either adopted or adapted the design for their own cipher machines.
The Enigma C quickly gave way to Enigma D (1927). This version was widely used, with shipments to Sweden, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Spain, United States and Poland. In 1927 Hugh Foss at the British Government Code and Cypher School was able to show that commercial Enigma machines could be broken, provided suitable cribs were available.[41] Soon, the Enigma D would pioneer the use of a standard keyboard layout to be used in German computing. This "QWERTZ" layout is very similar to the American QWERTY keyboard format used in many languages.
Other countries used Enigma machines. The Italian Navy adopted the commercial Enigma as "Navy Cipher D". The Spanish also used commercial Enigma machines during their Civil War. British codebreakers succeeded in breaking these machines, which lacked a plugboard.[42] Enigma machines were also used by diplomatic services.
The Swiss used a version of Enigma called Model K or Swiss K for military and diplomatic use, which was very similar to commercial Enigma D. The machine's code was cracked by Poland, France, the United Kingdom and the United States; the latter code-named it INDIGO. An Enigma T model, code-named Tirpitz, was used by Japan. 2ff7e9595c
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